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Italian Grammar Lessons: Subjunctive Past Perfect

The final tense of the Italian subjunctive is the past perfect. It’s formed with the subjunctive imperfect of the auxiliary verb and the past participle of the main verb.

The subjunctive past perfect is used:

– to express something that came before another action in the past or is unrealizable
– to express wishes or desires
– in unreal past conditionals

Below are the conjugations of the two auxiliary verbs and of a verb from each of the three regular groups.

Remember that, when you use the auxiliary verb ‘essere’, the past participle needs to be masculine or feminine according to the subject of the verb.

Essere [to be]

io fossi stato/a
tu fossi stato/a
lui/lei fosse stato/a
noi fossimo stati/e
voi foste stati/e
loro fossero stati/e

Avere [to have]

io avessi avuto
tu avessi avuto
lui/lei avesse avuto
noi avessimo avuto
voi aveste avuto
loro avessero avuto

First group -are:

Suonare [to play]

io avessi suonato
tu avessi suonato
lui/lei avesse suonato
noi avessimo suonato
voi aveste suonato
loro avessero suonato

Second group -ere:

Friggere [to fry]

io avessi fritto
tu avessi fritto
lui/lei avesse fritto
noi avessimo fritto
voi aveste fritto
loro avessero fritto

Third group -ire:

soffrire [to suffer]

io avessi sofferto
tu avessi sofferto
lui/lei avesse sofferto
noi avessimo sofferto
voi aveste sofferto
loro avessero sofferto

Here you can find some examples showing the use of the subjunctive past perfect, with rough translations into English.

Vorrei tanto che tu avessi finito di studiare.
[I really wish you’d finished studying.]
Magari avessimo saputo che ci sarebbe stato un test a sorpresa oggi!
[If only we’d known that there would be a surprise test today!]
Ero partito senza che tu mi avessi dato il “via”.
[I’d started without you having told me to.]
Se Luca mi avesse visto si sarebbe fermato a parlare un po’.
[If Luca had seen me he would have stopped to chat.]

Back to Italian lesson on: subjunctive past perfect

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